Schematic diagram of the modern transatlantic geothermal tag sulfide deposit on the midatlantic ridge, depicting a cross section of a volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit with concordant semi massive to massive sulfide lens underlain by a. Volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits vms are a thoroughly researched deposit class. Volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits alan galley, mark hannington and ian jonasson geological survey of canada, 601 booth street, ottawa, on, k1a oe8 email. Vms deposits can be classified into znrich, zinciferous, and znanomalous based on global geological resource data. Box 1, ingle farm, south australia 5098, australia abstract the golden grove prospect is one of the few potentially economic deposits of cuzn sulfides known from the western australian shield. Youll remember this cross section from reads on both porphyry deposits and epithermal, in the case of vms deposit, we. Geophysical characteristics of volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits figure 71.
The gold content of volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits. Vms deposits of the world inn investing news network. The widespread recognition of modern seafloor volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits and associated hydrothermal vent fluids and vent fauna has been one of the most astonishing discoveries in the last 50 years, and seafloor exploration and scientific studies have contributed much to our understanding of oreforming processes and the tectonic. Type the beginning of the name of the site, and select a country if you wish. Frater school of applied geology, the south australian institute of technology, p. Mesozoic volcanogenic massive sulfide vms deposits in. Volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits are distinctive in that ore deposits are formed in close temporal association with submarine volcanism and are formed by hydrothermal circulation and exhalation of sulfides which are independent of sedimentary processes, which sets vms deposits apart from sedimentary exhalative sedex deposits. Volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits vms constitute the most abundant type of mesozoic ore deposits inmexico, especially regarding precenomanian deposits.
Base metaldominated volcanogenic massive sulfide vms deposits are important global resources of zinc zn with many deposits having zn as the main commodity of production. Along with new concepts of ore deposition came new technology to aid in the search for mineral deposits. Volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits of the worlddatabase. Volcanogenic massive sulfide vms deposits have been classified according to.
Volcanogenic massive sulphide vms deposits are also known as volcanicassociated, volcanichosted, and volcanosedimentaryhosted massive sulphide deposits. They occur along the pacific margin, from baja california to the guerrero state, and in chihuahua fig. Volcanogenic massive sulfide vms deposits are mineral accumulations that form on or near the seafloor at sites of hightemperature hydrothermal vent fluid discharge. Volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits semantic scholar. A kurokotype polymetallic sulfide deposit in a submarine. This thesis explains what the vms deposits are, how they form, how they may be classified and what. The early proterozoic greenstone belt of northern wisconsin possesses some of the best volcanogenie volcanichosted massive sulfide potential in north america.
An overview of the use of petrochemistry in regional exploration for volcanogenic massive sulfide vms deposits piercey, s. Volcanogenic massive sulfide occurrence model usgs. Massive sulfide deposits that are associated with submarine volcanic rocks have been called by a variety of names, such as volcanogenic massive sulfide. Although volcanogenic rocks are generally the host, unrelated sedimentary marine rocks may be present.
The term has been coined by mineral explorers to differentiate the modern deposit from the ancient. Volcanogenic massive sulfide ore deposit wikipedia. Volcanichosted massive sulphide deposits vms volcanichosted or volcanogenic base and preciousmetal mineralization is typically hosted by, or associated with, submarine volcanic andor volcaniclastic rocks. Pdf volcanogenic massive sulfide occurrence model pat. Pdf volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits semantic scholar. Volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits with special reference to kurokotype deposits takeo sato geological survey of japan 1. Volcanogenic massive sulfide vms deposits are stratiform accumulations of sulfide minerals that precipitated at or near the sea floor and that are spatially, temporally, and genetically associated with arc volcanic rocks barrie and hannington, 1999, franklin et al. Vms will emit black plume of hot water venting from one of the chimneys. Since publication of the vms synthesis in the economic geology seventyfifth anniversary volume franklin et al.
Volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits in ophiolite complexes are usually attributed to the cyprus type. The data was recently used for mineraldeposit density models mosier and others, 2007. Early proterozoic volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits in. If we start with vms volcanogenic massive sulphide ore deposits and their mineralization we see from this image shows some of the sulphide chimneys associated with the model black smoker vms deposit.
Wherever volcanism occurs beneath the sea, the potential exists for seawater to penetrate the volcanic rocks, become heated by a magma chamber, and react with the enclosing rocksin the process concentrating geochemically scarce metals and so forming a hydrothermal solution. In this paper, 867 deposits were used to construct revised grade and tonnage models. Volcanogenic massive sulphide vms deposits are also known as volcanic associated, volcanichosted, and vol canosedimentaryhosted massive sulphide. Volcanogenic gold in the massive sulfide environment. Felsic, bimodalmafic, and mafic volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits.
A 100millionton resource of base and precious metalbearing mineralization, distributed in or more deposits and occurrences and clustered in three districts, has been identified in. The hydrothermal fluid leaches metals as it descends and precipitates minerals as it rises. Manned submersible studies have delineated a large and actively growing kurokotype volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit 400 kilometers south of tokyo in myojin knoll submarine caldera. H 1999 volcanogenic gold in the massive sulfide environment. Mineral exploration research centre, department of earth sciences, laurentian university, sudbury, canada. Other articles where volcanogenic massive sulfide is discussed. Vms deposits of the world investing news network february 24th, 2011 although not the worlds primary source of copper, volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits or vms, are an important source of. Volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits of northern wisconsin. Schematic diagram of the modern transatlantic geothermal tag sulfide deposit on the midatlantic ridge, depicting a cross section of a volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit with concordant semimassive to massive sulfide lens underlain by a. Examples of paragenetic sequences in volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits 140. Potential for base and preciousmetalbearing volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits vms exists in mauritania in the greenstone belts of the southwestern rgueibat shield and in the allochthonous portions of the central and southern mauritanides. Pdf volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits semantic.
Sulfide and hydrothermal plumes also occur on ultraslow spreading ridges in the northern atlantic at gakkel ridge baker et al. Geophysical characteristics of volcanogenic massive. Volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits vms are grouped into five lithostratigraphic types, using sequence boundaries defined by major timestratigraphic breaks, faults, or major subvolcanic intrusions. Our new models are based on a reclassification of deposits based on host lithologies. Pdf geophysical characteristics of volcanogenic massive. Skinner, editohs tile economic geology pui3lisiiinc company. Volcanogenic massive sulphide vms deposits have made important contributions to the economic development of newfoundland over more than a century.
Volcanogenic massive sulfide ore deposits, also known as vms ore deposits, are a type of metal sulfide ore deposit, mainly copperzinc which are associated. Volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits of ophiolite. Volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits,types and its origin slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Geodiversity of hydrothermal processes along the mid.
Pdf there are a lot of volcanogenic massive sulfide vms deposits and numerous mineral occurrences of this type of mineralization in iran. Their occurrence in marine volcanic and volcanosedimentary sequences of almost all ages from ca. Figure 1 from volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits. Volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits of the world database. Vms deposits consist of a generally conformable, massive body of massive sulfides, which may or may not be zoned into stratigraphic copper and zinclead rich. Apr 15, 2016 volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits,types and its origin slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. A combined fluid inclusion and spb isotope study of the. Challenges for rescuing drill core from volcanogenic massive. Search here for records in the usgs volcanogenic massive sulfide database. The deposits are characterized by copper or copperzinc ores that are enriched in ni, co, and in places mn and as, but are very poor in pb and. Pdf volcanicassociated massive sulfide deposits vms are predominantly. A general geologic framework for volcanogenic massive sulfide mineralization was proposed for the western end of the belt dematties, 1989. Controls on the siting and style of volcanogenic massive. The deposits are formed by the precipitation of dominantly sulfide minerals around hydrothermal vents e.
Abstract volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits contain variable amounts of gold, both in terms of average grade and total gold content, with some vms deposits hosting worldclass gold mines with more than 100 t au. Mineral potential for volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits. Economic geology monograph 5 the kuroko and related volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits iiiroshi ohmoto and brian j. Mineral exploration companies are exploring for seafloor massive sulfide deposits. Formation of volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits sciencedirect.
Pdf classification of volcanicassociated massive sulfide. Dec 20, 2014 volcanogenic massive sulfide vms deposits are mineral accumulations that form on or near the seafloor at sites of hightemperature hydrothermal vent fluid discharge. Vms volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits and nicuco type magmatic massive sulphide deposits volcanicassociated massive sulphide vms deposits occur throughout the world and throughout the geological time column in virtually every tectonic domain that has submarine volcanic rocks as an important constituent. The sulfide body is located on the caldera floor at a depth of 1210 to 60 meters, has an area of 400 by 400 by 30 meters, and is notably rich in gold and silver. Volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits of the world. Geostatistical methodology to characterize volcanogenic. An overview of the use of petrochemistry in regional. Volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits form when mafic magma at depth, perhaps a few kilometers beneath the surface, acts as a heat source, causing convective circulation of seawater through the oceanic crust. This paper is an expansion of that communication and summarizes important geologic features which characterize volcanogenic massive sulfide mineralization identified in the belt thus far. Mar 11, 2020 volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits are distinctive in that ore deposits are formed in close temporal association with submarine volcanism and are formed by hydrothermal circulation and exhalation of sulfides which are independent of sedimentary processes, which sets vms deposits apart from sedimentary exhalative sedex deposits.
Volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits one hundredth. Idealized massive sulfide lens illustrating zonation features for. Seafloor massive sulfide deposits or sms deposits, are modern equivalents of ancient volcanogenic massive sulfide ore deposits or vms deposits. Nicu deposits these will be discussed under magmatic deposits. They typically occur as lenses of polymetallic massive sulphide that form at or near the seafloor in submarine volcanic. Abstract volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits contain variable amounts of gold, both in terms of average grade and total gold content, with some vms deposits hosting. Schematic of the modern tag sulphide deposit on the midatlantic ridge represents a classic crosssection of a vms deposit, with a concordant semimassive to massive sulphide lens underlain by a discordant stockwork vein system and associated alteration halo, or pipe. Geodiversity of hydrothermal processes along the midatlantic. Terminology volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits are bedded or lenticular accumulations of sulfide minerals which occur in or near submarine volcanic rocks.
Rhyolite geochemical signatures and association with. Volcanogenic massive sulfide vms deposits are important sources of base cu, zn pb and precious au, ag metals. Following the discovery in 1979 of active hydrothermal vent systems in the presentday oceans hannington et al. They typically occur as lenses of polymetallic massive sulphide that form at or near the seafloor in submarine volcanic environments. Volcanogenic massive sulfide vms deposits typically have strong geophysical contrasts with their host rocks because of the substantial differences in physical and chemical properties between the. Volcanogenic massive sulphide vms deposits are one of the best known and wellstudied ore deposit types e. The kuroko and related volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits. Volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits are forming today on the seafloor around undersea volcanoes along many mid ocean ridges, and within backarc basins and forearc rifts. In the 1960s, a new concept of sulfide ore deposition related to volcanic activity volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits led to widespread exploration activity by numerous companies for this type of deposit in the lake superior region. The sulfides accumulate on the seafloor or just below it, and precipitate from. Pdf metallogeny of volcanogenic massive sulfide vms deposits. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website.
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